URL Encoder & Decoder (Percent-Encoding)

Percent-encoding represents non-ASCII and reserved characters using hexadecimal byte values preceded by %:

• `encodeURIComponent` (Component Mode): Encodes all reserved punctuation characters (/, ?, :, &, =, +, #) into percent codes. This mode is essential when encoding user inputs intended for query string parameter values (e.g. ?search=hello%26world).
• `encodeURI` (Full URL Mode): Preserves structural URL protocol and path characters (http://, /, ?, &) while encoding only illegal characters like spaces (%20), quotes, and non-ASCII Unicode characters.
• Standard Percent-Encoding Mappings:
• Space $\rightarrow$ %20 (or + in form data)
• & $\rightarrow$ %26
• = $\rightarrow$ %3D
• ? $\rightarrow$ %3F
• / $\rightarrow$ %2F
• # $\rightarrow$ %23
• Full UTF-8 Multi-Byte Encoding: Non-ASCII characters (such as emojis or accented foreign text) are converted to multiple percent-encoded byte sequences (e.g. é $\rightarrow$ %C3%A9, 🚀 $\rightarrow$ %F0%9F%9A%80).

• API Endpoint Construction: Safely passing email addresses, filters, and search queries into REST API query strings.
• Tracking & UTM Link Building: Encoding campaign parameters into marketing landing page URLs.
• Debugging Web Server Logs: Decoding raw server access logs containing percent-encoded search queries.